[LeetCode] 1404. Number of Steps to Reduce a Number in Binary Representation to One

Given the binary representation of an integer as a string s, return the number of steps to reduce it to 1 under the following rules:
If the current number is even, you have to divide it by 2.
If the current number is odd, you have to add 1 to it.
It is guaranteed that you can always reach one for all test cases.

Example 1:
Input: s = “1101”
Output: 6
Explanation: “1101” corressponds to number 13 in their decimal representation.
Step 1) 13 is odd, add 1 and obtain 14.
Step 2) 14 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 7.
Step 3) 7 is odd, add 1 and obtain 8.
Step 4) 8 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 4.
Step 5) 4 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 2.
Step 6) 2 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 1.

Example 2:
Input: s = “10”
Output: 1
Explanation: “10” corressponds to number 2 in their decimal representation.
Step 1) 2 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 1.

Example 3:
Input: s = “1”
Output: 0

Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 500
s consists of characters ‘0’ or ‘1’
s[0] == ‘1’

将二进制表示减到 1 的步骤数。

给你一个以二进制形式表示的数字 s 。请你返回按下述规则将其减少到 1 所需要的步骤数:

如果当前数字为偶数,则将其除以 2 。

如果当前数字为奇数,则将其加上 1 。

题目保证你总是可以按上述规则将测试用例变为 1 。

来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-steps-to-reduce-a-number-in-binary-representation-to-one
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思路

既然处理的是一个以字符串表示的二进制数字,那么我们就按照规则和需求进行处理。最终的目的是把这个二进制数变成 1,所以我们从右往左扫描 input 字符串,如果遇到 0 则可以除以 2,这里除以 2 相当于是位运算里的右移一位,需要一步;如果遇到 1,则对其 + 1 再除以 2,这里需要两步。在计算的过程中我们需要记录进位 carry。

此时我们有一个已经用到的步数 res 和一个进位 carry。

  • 如果当前位置上是0且carry = 0,则可以除以2,这里花费一步
  • 如果当前位置上是0且carry = 1,则需要花费两步,一步是+1,另一步是除以2;此时carry仍然是1
  • 如果当前位置上是1且carry = 0,则需要花费两步,一步是+1,另一步是除以2;此时carry是1
  • 如果当前位置上是1且carry = 1,则可以除以2,这里花费一步

注意题目条件有这一条,s[0] == ‘1’,所以第一位要特判,从右往左扫描的时候要在第一位停下。最后看一下,如果依然进位carry = 0,则已经满足题意;如果进位carry = 1,则加上进位之后s[0] = 0,此时要变回1则还需要再 + 1。

复杂度

时间O(n)
空间O(1)

代码

Java实现

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class Solution {
public int numSteps(String s) {
int n = s.length();
// corner case
if (n == 1 && s.charAt(0) == '0') {
return 1;
}

// normal case
int res = 0;
int carry = 0;
for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {
// '0'
if (s.charAt(i) == '0') {
// 如果没有进位,则这些最低位的0都可以通过右移的方式被移除
// 移除几个就是几步操作
if (carry == 0) {
res++;
}
// 如果有进位,则加一再除以二,两步操作
// 注意加一操作是会产生进位的,所以carry = 1
else {
res += 2;
carry = 1;
}
}
// '1'
else {
// 加一再除以二,两步操作
// 产生进位, carry = 1
if (carry == 0) {
res += 2;
carry = 1;
}
// 如果之前有carry了,那么当前位会变成0,需要除以二,一步操作
// 同时注意因为当前位会变成0所以是会产生进位的,所以carry = 1
else {
res++;
carry = 1;
}
}
}
return res + carry;
}
}

[LeetCode] 1404. Number of Steps to Reduce a Number in Binary Representation to One
https://shurui91.github.io/posts/4271675218.html
Author
Aaron Liu
Posted on
November 23, 2020
Licensed under