[LeetCode] 1963. Minimum Number of Swaps to Make the String Balanced
You are given a 0-indexed string s of even length n. The string consists of exactly n / 2 opening brackets ‘[‘ and n / 2 closing brackets ‘]’.
A string is called balanced if and only if:
It is the empty string, or
It can be written as AB, where both A and B are balanced strings, or
It can be written as [C], where C is a balanced string.
You may swap the brackets at any two indices any number of times.
Return the minimum number of swaps to make s balanced.
Example 1:
Input: s = “][][“
Output: 1
Explanation: You can make the string balanced by swapping index 0 with index 3.
The resulting string is “[[]]”.
Example 2:
Input: s = “]]][[[“
Output: 2
Explanation: You can do the following to make the string balanced:
- Swap index 0 with index 4. s = “[]][][“.
- Swap index 1 with index 5. s = “[[][]]”.
The resulting string is “[[][]]”.
Example 3:
Input: s = “[]”
Output: 0
Explanation: The string is already balanced.
Constraints:
n == s.length
2 <= n <= 106
n is even.
s[i] is either ‘[‘ or ‘]’.
The number of opening brackets ‘[‘ equals n / 2, and the number of closing brackets ‘]’ equals n / 2.
使字符串平衡的最小交换次数。
给你一个字符串 s ,下标从 0 开始 ,且长度为偶数 n 。字符串 恰好 由 n / 2 个开括号 '[' 和 n / 2 个闭括号 ']' 组成。只有能满足下述所有条件的字符串才能称为 平衡字符串 :
字符串是一个空字符串,或者
字符串可以记作 AB ,其中 A 和 B 都是 平衡字符串 ,或者
字符串可以写成 [C] ,其中 C 是一个 平衡字符串 。
你可以交换 任意 两个下标所对应的括号 任意 次数。返回使 s 变成 平衡字符串 所需要的 最小 交换次数。
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/minimum-number-of-swaps-to-make-the-string-balanced
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思路
因为是括号配对类型的题目,所以思路不难想到是 stack 这一类的。遇到左括号就入栈;遇到右括号,看看栈顶元素是否是左括号,如果是,就抵消左括号。注意这道题说了字符串 恰好 由 n / 2 个开括号 ‘[‘ 和 n / 2 个闭括号 ‘]’ 组成,所以无需处理左右括号数量不等的情况。
复杂度
时间O(n)
空间O(n)
代码一 - stack
Java实现
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代码二,无需 stack,只统计匹配不上的括号数
Java实现
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